Exploring Social Determinants of Health: Discussion Questions for the Classroom

Social determinants of health (SDOH)—the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age—are key factors in shaping health outcomes. By exploring this topic, educators can help students better understand how societal influences impact health, extending beyond traditional healthcare and genetics.

What Are Social Determinants of Health?
SDOH encompass factors like socioeconomic status, education, environment, employment, social support, and healthcare access. These elements contribute to health disparities and illustrate the complex interplay between society and individual health.

Discussion Question 1: How Does Where You Live Influence Your Health?

This question invites students to explore the impact of physical environment on health outcomes. Encourage them to consider aspects such as access to clean water and air, the availability of parks and recreational facilities, and the prevalence of food deserts. Students can discuss how living in different neighborhoods might affect their lifestyle choices and health.

Discussion Question 2: In What Ways Does Education Affect Health?

Education is a powerful determinant that influences health in multifaceted ways. Students can discuss how education level correlates with health literacy, access to better job opportunities, and even lifestyle choices. This question also opens up a conversation about the role of educational institutions in promoting health awareness and providing resources for healthier living.

Discussion Question 3: What Role Does Employment Play in Health Outcomes?

This question prompts an examination of how employment status and working conditions impact health. Students can consider how job security, workplace safety, stress levels, and access to employer-sponsored health benefits contribute to overall well-being. Discussing the balance between work and personal life can also lead to insights about mental health.

Discussion Question 4: How Do Social Support Networks Contribute to Health?

Healthy relationships and strong community ties can significantly influence an individual's mental and physical health. Students can explore the importance of having a support system, the role of family and friends in promoting healthy behaviors, and the impact of isolation or social exclusion on health.

Discussion Question 5: How Do Policies and Systems Affect Social Determinants of Health?

Encouraging students to think about the bigger picture, this question delves into how government policies and societal systems shape social determinants. Discussing topics like healthcare accessibility, housing policies, and social welfare programs can provide a broader understanding of how systemic changes can improve or hinder health outcomes.

In Health Care Finance, Economics, and Policy for Nurses, the concept of social determinants of health is explored. The text notes that nearly 18 cents of every dollar spent in the United States goes toward healthcare, yet this expenditure only marginally affects overall health outcomes. Figure 1.1 illustrates a significant disconnect between healthcare spending and the factors that truly influence health.